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1. Introduction to blockchain Introduction to blockchain (1) The meaning of blockchain (2) Characteristics of blockchain (3) Application fields and evolution methods (4) Classification of blockchain (5) Core of blockchain Introduction to the meaning of technology blockchain Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm for establishing trust and obtaining rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system. Blockchain () is an important concept of Bitcoin. The global Bitcoin development research report released by Huobi.com, Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance Internet Finance Laboratory, and Sina Technology mentioned that blockchain is the underlying technology and foundation of Bitcoin. Architecture 2. It is essentially a decentralized database as the underlying technology of Bitcoin.A blockchain is a series of data blocks linked using cryptographic methods. Each data block
2. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. 3 Meaning: In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgery. Ledger.Broadly speaking: Blockchain technology uses blockchain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses automated scripts to achieve Characteristics of a new distributed infrastructure and computing second blockchain: (1) Decentralization: Due to the use of distributed computing and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization, and no one’s rights and obligations Nodes are equal, data blocks in the system
3. It is jointly maintained by nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system. Thanks to the decentralized characteristics of blockchain, Bitcoin also has decentralized characteristics, which are detailed in the global Bitcoin development research report released by Huobi, Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance Internet Finance Laboratory and Sina Technology Report 2 . (2) Openness: The system is open. In addition to the private information of both parties to the transaction being encrypted, blockchain data is open to everyone. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. Therefore, the entire system information is highly transparent. (3) Autonomy: The blockchain adopts consensus-based specifications and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the entire system to exchange data freely and securely in a trustless environment, making "more worthwhile" Trust” The trust of “people” has become trust in machines, and any human intervention has no effect. (4) Unknown information
4. Tampering: Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high. (5) Anonymity: Since exchanges between nodes follow a fixed algorithm, data interaction does not require trust (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is valid by itself), so the counterparty does not need to disclose his or her identity. The other party generates trust on their own, which is very helpful for the accumulation of credit. The three major application areas and evolution methods of blockchain application areas include: (smart contracts, securities transactions, e-commerce, Internet of Things, social communication, file storage, proof of existence, identity verification, and equity crowdfunding). The evolution method of blockchain is as follows : Blockchain 1.0 Digital Currency Blockchain 2.0 Digital Assets and Smart Contract Blockchain 3.0DAO, DA
5.C (blockchain self-consistent organization, blockchain self-consistent company) - blockchain society (science, medical care, education, etc., blockchain + artificial intelligence). Classification of Blockchain Blockchain is currently divided into three categories: Hybrid Blockchain and Private Blockchain. The broad private chain can be considered as: Public chain (public chain) Public chain refers to: Any individual or group in the world can A transaction is sent, and the transaction can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. The public chain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain at present. All major series of virtual digital currencies are based on public blockchains. There is only one blockchain in the world corresponding to this currency. .Federated (Industry) Blockchain Industry Blockchain: Specify multiple pre-selected nodes within a group.
6. Accountant. The generation of each block is jointly decided by all pre-selected nodes (pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process). Other access nodes can participate in transactions, but do not participate in the accounting process (essentially still managed accounting, but changed to distributed accounting, the number of pre-selected nodes and how to determine the accountant of each block become the main risk points of the block) chain). Anyone else can make limited queries through the blockchain’s open API. () Private blockchain: Only the general ledger technology of the blockchain is used for accounting. It can be a company or an individual. It has exclusive write access to the blockchain. This chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. At present, conservative giants (traditional finance) all want to try private chains, while the applications of public chains have been industrialized, and the application products of private chains are still being explored.
7. Wu Blockchain core technology introduction Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so four technological innovations are proposed to solve this problem: Distributed ledger: Transaction accounting is performed by multiple nodes distributed in different places Completed jointly, each node records a complete account, can jointly participate in supervising the legality of transactions, and can also jointly testify in court. Unlike traditional centralized accounting solutions, no node can keep accounts independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to keep accounts. On the other hand, since there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically, accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thus ensuring the security of accounting data. Asymmetric encryption and authorization technology: Transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner.
8. Thus ensuring data security and personal privacy. Consensus mechanism: All accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of records. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, suitable for different application scenarios, to strike a balance between efficiency and security. Take Bitcoin, for example, which uses proof of work. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. This is essentially impossible when enough nodes join the blockchain, eliminating the possibility of fraud. Smart Contract: Based on these trustworthy and immutable data, smart contracts can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to automate claims settlement in some standardized insurance products. In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as those in the banking and securities industries, their reliance on credible data continues unabated. Therefore, the author believes that using blockchain technology from the perspective of data management can effectively help insurance companies improve their risk management capabilities. Specifically, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies. Thank you for watching. Thank you for watching.
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