Author: Qi Nana (National People’s Congress Writers Matrix Committee Member)
Editor: Liu Yilin Chen Yongnan
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1. Development History of Blockchain Technology
On October 31, 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto published the Bitcoin white paper "Peer-to-Peer Cash", proposing blockchain technology for the first time. On January 3, 2009, the Bitcoin system officially started operating until 2010. At the beginning of the year, there wasn't much excitement around the technology.
On May 22, 2010, someone bought two pizzas with 10,000 Bitcoins, and Bitcoin began to enter the field of vision of some human-machine geeks. At the beginning of 2013, the price of Bitcoin was $13. On March 18, the Cypriot government closed banks and the stock market during the financial crisis, pushing the price of Bitcoin to soar, reaching a peak of $266 in April. At this stage, many people are getting rich because of Bitcoin. Although it also experienced a period of price decline, from 2013 to 2015, Bitcoin slowly entered the public eye. In the second half of 2016, uncertainty in the world's mainstream economy increased. Bitcoin, which has a safe-haven function and therefore has an alternative relationship with the mainstream economy, began to recover. Market demand increased and transaction scale expanded rapidly, starting the bull market in 2016-2017. The price of Bitcoin soared from a peak of $400 in early 2016 to $20,000 at the end of 2017, a 50-fold increase.
The wealth creation effect of Bitcoin and the transaction overflow caused by Bitcoin network congestion have led to the explosion of other virtual currencies and various blockchain applications. Many blockchain assets have increased hundreds, thousands or even ten thousand times, triggering crazy pursuit around the world. Let Bitcoin and blockchain completely become the focus of global attention.
After the madness, everyone returned to rationality and the market fell. Scientific researchers have begun to pay attention to the underlying technology of cryptocurrency - blockchain technology, hoping to apply blockchain technology to other fields and promote technological progress. By 2022, some companies will develop steadily in major industrial fields suitable for blockchain. The value of blockchain technology is slowly unfolding…
Figure: Bitcoin historical price chart
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2. Current application status of blockchain technology in the field of digital copyright
According to the definition of MBA Think Tank, digital products can be divided into narrow and broad senses. Digital products in the narrow sense refer to products whose information content is exchanged based on digital formats or transmitted in the form of bit streams through the Internet, while digital products in the broad sense include electronic products based on digital technology in addition to digital products in the narrow sense. Digital technology or technology transformed into digital products. Digital forms are transmitted, sent and received over the Internet or products that rely on some physical carrier. Content products refer to digital products that express certain content, mainly including news, books, movies, music, etc.
With the large-scale development of the Internet, a large number of digital content products will be produced, but at the same time, the problem of infringement is becoming more and more serious. Due to the characteristics of digital works that are naturally copyable, easy to tamper with, and non-exclusive, as well as consumers’ weak copyright awareness, theft and abuse of digital content works is very common. At the same time, due to the accelerated flow of network information and the increasingly complex communication networks, it is difficult to provide evidence for rights protection and the cost of rights protection is too high, making it often difficult to effectively protect relevant rights and interests. interest. Especially now that short videos and self-media are popular, everyone is a creator, and the resulting plagiarism and other behaviors are frequently prohibited. Based on the above background, the corresponding digital copyright protection work has become more urgent.
How to clarify the ownership of digital content products? How to establish a more efficient and reasonable digital content trading and circulation mechanism? How to protect the legitimate rights and interests of digital content creators and make the rights protection process simpler? How to establish a digital copyright management service system? These are issues that need to be addressed urgently.
The traceability, non-tampering, decentralization and other characteristics of blockchain technology provide a good solution for digital copyright protection. The application of blockchain technology in the field of digital copyright is mainly reflected in the management of the entire life cycle of digital content, solving issues such as the confirmation, use, rights protection, and transactions of digital content, and realizing digital copyright registration and intelligence. trade. , infringement monitoring and other functions to create a full-link digital copyright protection ecosystem and promote the healthy and orderly development of the digital copyright market.
As the key role of blockchain technology in the field of digital copyright continues to be discovered, government departments are also actively applying blockchain technology to digital copyright protection. At the same time, more companies are deploying blockchain + digital copyright. For conservation projects, blockchain has become one of the most promising and promising directions for digital rights management.
Currently mature digital copyright + blockchain solutions
Beijing digital copyright certificate system and copyright certificate chain system
On April 22, 2021, at a press conference on the status of intellectual property protection in Beijing, when answering how to use blockchain technology to protect copyright, Lu Zhipeng, a second-level inspector of the Beijing Copyright Bureau, introduced that the Protection Center of the Beijing Copyright Bureau and the Capital The Copyright Association organized relevant units and, after nearly three years of research and development, released the Beijing Digital Copyright Certificate System and Copyright Certificate Chain System. Currently, the number of digital copyright registration certificates on the chain has reached 1.5 million. The Beijing Digital Copyright Certificate System can effectively solve the technical shortcomings of traditional certificates in certificate production, trial verification, and verification. It is the first “three certificates in one” trusted digital copyright certificate system in China.
Ant Blockchain Copyright Protection
The Ant Blockchain copyright protection platform is based on the Ant Blockchain BaaS architecture, supports one-stop API access, and provides a visual interface, providing full-process services of original registration, copyright monitoring, electronic evidence collection and notarization, and judicial litigation. It is deployed based on Alibaba Cloud.
Figure: Ant Blockchain Copyright Protection Platform
Baidu Super Chain
Baidu Super Chain comprehensively promotes the entire chain of copyright certification, monitoring and evidence collection, and judicial rights protection, effectively building a copyright content industry with more efficient operating procedures and more reasonable distribution of benefits. The support of three types of alliance nodes, including image agencies, rights confirmation agencies, and judicial agencies, will enhance the credibility of the copyright chain and create a truly credible and reliable copyright protection platform.
Figure: Baidu Super Chain’s business process
Paper is expensive
Zhigui is a copyright industry chain tool provider based on blockchain technology. They hope to use the Internet to reshape the value of copyright, provide certification, trading, protection and other services for the copyright of original works, and become a full-chain IP content incubation vertical platform. Zhigui Copyright is a full-type copyright protection platform that supports users to upload copyright registration information to the blockchain network, and introduces notary offices, copyright bureaus, and well-known universities as storage and supervision nodes of the copyright storage alliance chain to ensure that certificates can be issued at any time. A notarial certificate certified by the state with judicial effect will be used as evidence of infringement accepted by the court when an infringement occurs.
Picture: Services provided by Zhigui
China copyright chain
On June 1, 2019, the China Internet Copyright Protection and Development Conference hosted by the National Copyright Administration was held in Beijing. At the "Technological Innovation and Copyright Protection" sub-forum, the China Copyright Association officially launched the blockchain copyright service platform-China Copyright Chain. The China Copyright Chain is built on the Changan Chain and aims to promote the inclusive sharing of blockchain copyright protection and provide rights holders with full-process services such as copyright certification, infringement monitoring, online evidence collection, takedown letters, and copyright mediation. and litigation regarding rights protection of digital works. Copyright Protection Services.
As the operator of China Copyright Chain, Yang Ying, deputy general manager of Beijing Fengdiaolishun Technology Development Co., Ltd., introduced that China Copyright Chain is a national copyright protection platform launched by the China Copyright Association. It serves Copyright Society members and the industry at large. Provide a one-stop blockchain copyright service solution that fully integrates digital content ecological business scenarios, and is committed to creating a new infrastructure for copyright protection in the digital content era. It has four characteristics: authority, security, neutrality and openness. At the same time, it has three core capabilities: registration and evidence deposit, copyright protection, and copyright transactions, as well as five service modules: registration and evidence deposit, infringement monitoring, online evidence collection, rights protection, and copyright transactions.
It can be seen that there are many mature application cases of blockchain in the field of digital copyright, but there are still some problems in practice.
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3. Problems existing in the application of blockchain in digital copyright
1. The limitations of blockchain technology itself
Applying blockchain technology to digital copyright has broad prospects. However, blockchain technology itself is an evolving technology. Blockchain technology has not yet reached a state of perfection. At present, it still has some shortcomings. It brings certain limitations to its application.
First of all, there is currently no good solution for the cross-chain technology of blockchain. The current digital copyright protection platform based on blockchain is basically isolated, lacks interconnection, and platform standards are not well unified. This will provide loopholes for piracy and copyright infringement. If copyright issues arise, copyright certification can easily occur. Inconsistency, for example, the original author registered the copyright on one chain, but the plagiarist registered the copyright on another chain almost at the same time. Then, when disagreements arise in the future, copyright ownership cannot be confirmed through the blockchain. Obviously, this is not conducive to long-term development.
Secondly, although blockchain technology can ensure that it cannot be tampered with and is traceable. Copyright protection is achieved, but the original author of the content product cannot be identified and can only be sorted by upload time. At the same time, since blockchain technology cannot accurately resolve double payment transactions, this brings some challenges to copyright traceability. .
Third, smart contracts are not clearly defined legally. Smart contracts are an important starting point for blockchain in the field of digital copyright protection, but smart contracts may be attacked by hackers. At the same time, the formulation of smart contracts may not be complete enough. Relying on smart contracts to realize the automatic execution of copyright transfer contracts, issues such as whether the tampering characteristics cannot be realized and whether the right of revocation of both parties to the transaction are deprived also needs to be resolved.
2. Lack of unified application standards
At present, the relevant industry standards and legal supervision systems for blockchain technology applications, digital copyrights, and intellectual property rights are not yet complete. The country has not yet issued clear technical standards for blockchain, and industry rules have not yet been formed. There is no relevant special legislation at home or abroad that clearly stipulates new digital copyright confirmation and protection methods including blockchain.
3. At present, the application scope of blockchain in digital copyright is still relatively small.
Currently, blockchain has not been widely used in digital copyright protection technology. Public recognition is not high, and the cost of on-chain digital content products is high. In addition to being widely used in enterprise digital property protection, digital collections, etc., there are not many applications in daily life. For example, there is no clear blockchain + digital copyright platform for content output by short video and self-media creators. These creators do not have this awareness and feel that they do not have this need.
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4. Suggestions on the application of blockchain in digital copyright
1. Strengthen research on blockchain technology
Strengthening relevant research on underlying technologies is the basis for further improving the large-scale application of blockchain in areas such as digital copyright. Actively explore consensus algorithms for cross-chain interoperability. If messages can be exchanged across chains, there will be no plagiarists operating on another chain, thereby conflicting with the legitimate rights and interests of the original author, and better judgment can be made. . At the same time, explore consensus algorithms that can better solve double-spend transactions. Finally, professionals are invited to sign the contract and write smart contracts. Smart contracts must be reviewed by the entire society before being put on the chain. Real-time monitoring of smart contracts after they are uploaded to the chain reduces systemic risks.
2. Accelerate the establishment of unified standards
In the final analysis, what we use blockchain technology to protect is the unified interests of the public. Accelerate the construction of unified industry standards. Even if cross-chain operations can be achieved, a unified consensus must be reached between chains to better resolve copyright conflicts. question. It is urgent to speed up the updating of relevant laws and regulations in the field of digital copyright. Legislative activities related to digital copyright protection should be carried out in a timely manner, and attention should be paid to the specific application of blockchain in the field of digital copyright, especially the use of blockchain to record the time nodes of copyright generation, blockchain identification certificates and smart contracts. Regarding standardization issues, corresponding adjustments and modeling should be made based on different scenarios in practice to achieve a balance of interests among various subjects in the digital copyright field and achieve better development.
3. Promote blockchain + digital copyright protection to be more convenient and convenient
Promote the construction of a more convenient and simpler blockchain + digital copyright platform, so that the rights and interests of some relatively small-scale original works can also be protected, effectively expanding their application scope.
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5. Summary
At present, it seems that the status quo of "plagiarized" digital content products still exists. Blockchain technology is not magical, nor does it create detection devices that do not allow sellers to keep copies. Infringement detection is not comprehensive enough, especially for pictures and videos. For digital products, copying is inevitable.
Generally speaking, the development of blockchain technology is still in the exploratory stage, but we believe that with the continuous improvement of relevant laws and regulations, the increasing public awareness of copyright, and the continuous development of blockchain technology, blockchain + copyright protection will will ultimately create a better future.
The Creative Industry Technology Research Institute of Renmin University of China is a key project jointly built by Renmin University of China and the Beijing Municipal Government. It is the scientific research platform and transformation window in the cultural field of Renmin University of China. It is a high-end professional think tank in the cultural industry relying on the academic resources of top universities. The institute currently has more than 30 expert members and a permanent research team of more than 10 people. It has established the "Industrial Public Service Platform of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism" and the "Key Laboratory of Cultural Brand Evaluation Technology of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism" supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology. The Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China entrusted it to undertake part of the work of the "National Cultural Science and Technology Integration Demonstration Base Management Office", and it is responsible for policy consultation, standard formulation and other subject committees of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, the State Press and Publication Administration, etc. It has dozens of ministry and commission projects, including cooperation with more than 20 provinces and cities on dozens of topics such as regional cultural industry planning and park planning. It continues to publish papers, monographs, industry indexes, rankings, etc. that have core influence in the industry every year. Dozens of items. With the further development of the cultural industry, the Institute will continue to integrate the cultural industry-related research resources of Renmin University of China, deepen the research on cultural industry theory and policy, and work together with government leaders, scholars, entrepreneurs, and investors to contribute to all aspects of China’s cultural industry. make a contribution. Provide intellectual support, theoretical support and public services for its development.
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标签： #Copyright Protection #Blockchain #Bitcoin #Digital Technology
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